| 碱性除油剂除油过程 |
| 添加时间：2019/1/10 15:45:02 浏览次数： |
| 金属制件上的污物除动植物油外,还有矿物油类如石油及其衍生物、机油、石蜡、润滑油、沥青等。另有灰尘、切削物、磨料、研磨膏、切削液指坟盐迹等；对于固体油污,主要依靠表面活性剂对金属表面的浸湿和界面的吸附作用, 改变固体颗粒油污与金属表面之间界面能, 降低相互之间的引力，使之分离。对于液体油污，主要靠表面活性剂的渗透和乳化作用。液体油污在金属表面一般是铺展的薄层油膜, 除油液渗透到表面与油膜之间,对油污浸湿乳化而脱落下来。因此除油是一个复杂过程，伴随了皂化、乳化、渗透、分散、溶解等多个作用过程的进行： In addition to animal and vegetable oils, there are mineral oils such as petroleum and its derivatives, engine oil, paraffin, lubricating oil, asphalt and so on. In addition, dust, cutting materials, abrasives, abrasives, abrasives, cutting fluids refer to grave salts and so on. For solid oil contamination, it mainly depends on the wetting of surface active agent on metal surface and the adsorption of interface, changing the interface energy between solid particle oil contamination and metal surface, reducing the attraction between them, and separating them. For liquid oil pollution, it mainly depends on the penetration and emulsification of surfactants. The liquid oil contamination on the metal surface is usually spread thin oil film. The degreasing liquid penetrates between the surface and the oil film, and then wets and emulsifies the oil contamination and falls off. Therefore, oil removal is a complex process, accompanied by saponification, emulsification, permeation, dispersion, dissolution and other processes: 1)皂化作用 1) Saponification 油脂与氢氧化钠和碱性强的盐类作用生成可溶性的皂类和甘油，这种皂化作用可以除去动、植物油类。 Oils and fats interact with sodium hydroxide and alkaline salts to form soluble saponins and glycerol, which can remove animal and vegetable oils. 2)乳化作用 2) Emulsification 在生成的皂类和助剂碳酸钠、磷酸钠、硅酸钠、以及活性剂的作用下, 将油脂变成细小乳化粒, 分散增溶进胶束。 Under the action of soaps and additives such as sodium carbonate, sodium phosphate, sodium silicate and activator, the oil was turned into fine emulsified particles, which were dispersed and solubilized into micelles. 3)渗透作用 3) Permeation 表面活性剂渗透到表面与油脂之间, 对油脂进行浸湿、乳化、使油脂松散、减小对金属的附着力而剥离。 Surfactants penetrate between the surface and the grease, soak and emulsify the grease, loosen the grease, reduce the adhesion to the metal and peel off. 4)分散作用 4) Dispersion 油脂从金属表面分离后，分散到溶液中, 由表面活性剂的增溶作用, 阻止再粘结到金属表面。 Oil is separated from metal surface and dispersed into solution. The solubilization of surfactant prevents re-bonding to metal surface. 5)机械作用 5) Mechanical action 采用喷淋、空气搅拌、机械搅拌、刷洗、研磨等方式、使油脂从表面脱离、电解产生的气泡和超声波振动也属此类 The use of spraying, air stirring, mechanical stirring, scrubbing, grinding and other methods to separate grease from the surface, electrolysis of bubbles and ultrasonic vibration also belongs to this category. |
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