除油剂的组成根据油脂的种类和性质，除油剂包含两种主体成分，碱类助洗剂和表面活性剂。
The composition of degreaser is based on the type and nature of oil. The degreaser contains two main components, alkali detergent and surfactant.
1，碱类物质
1, alkali substances
碱类助洗剂常用的为氢氧化钠、纯碱、硅酸钠和三聚磷酸钠。氢氧化钠和纯碱作为碱剂，价格最为便宜，废水较难处理，有时因为碱性偏强导致清洗物体受到损伤，另一方面氢氧化钠和纯碱没有乳化作用对于矿物油清洗没有任何效果；
Sodium hydroxide, soda ash, sodium silicate and sodium tripolyphosphate are commonly used as alkali detergents. Sodium hydroxide and soda are the cheapest alkali agents, and the wastewater is difficult to treat. Sometimes the cleaning objects are damaged because of strong alkalinity. On the other hand, the absence of emulsification of sodium hydroxide and soda has no effect on mineral oil cleaning.
硅酸钠与三聚磷酸钠既能提供碱性，又能提供一定的乳化力，广泛的用于各种除油清洗剂中特别是对碱敏感的除油工艺。使用硅酸钠最大的缺陷是除油后若不用热水先洗一道，直接冷水洗很难将残留的硅酸钠完全洗净，残留的硅酸钠会与下一道工序的酸反应生成附着牢固的硅胶，从而影响镀层的结合力；三聚磷酸钠则主要存在磷污染破坏环境的担忧。
Sodium silicate and sodium tripolyphosphate can not only provide alkalinity, but also provide certain emulsifying power. They are widely used in various oil removal cleaners, especially in alkali-sensitive oil removal processes. The biggest defect of using sodium silicate is that it is difficult to wash the residual sodium silicate completely without hot water after oil removal. The residual sodium silicate will react with the acid in the next process to form a strong silica gel, which will affect the binding force of the coating. Sodium tripolyphosphate mainly contains phosphorus pollution and damage the environment. Worry.
2，表面活性剂,
2, surfactants.
表面活性剂是除油剂的最核心成分，早期的除油剂是以乳化剂的乳化作用为主，如脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚（AEO）系列、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚（TX、NP）系列等。过多的使用乳化剂会将脱落的油脂乳化增溶于工作液中，导致工作液除油能力逐渐下降，需要频繁更换工作液。
Surfactant is the most important component of degreaser. The early degreaser was mainly emulsifier, such as aliphatic alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO) series, alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether (TX, NP) series and so on. Excessive use of emulsifiers will emulsify and solubilize the fallen oil in the working fluid, resulting in a gradual decline in the oil removal capacity of the working fluid, which requires frequent replacement of the working fluid.
但是随着表面活性剂价格的上升，越来越要求降低表面活性剂的使用量，提高除油的速率，这就要求除油剂具有很好的分散和抗二次沉积性能，将脱落的油脂从金属表面剥离，在溶液中不乳化、不皂化，只是漂浮在溶液表面，保持槽液的清澈与持续的除油能力。
However, with the rising price of surfactants, it is increasingly required to reduce the use of surfactants and increase the deoiling rate. This requires that deoilers have good dispersion and anti-secondary deposition properties, peel off the oil from the metal surface, do not emulsify or saponify in the solution, but float on the surface of the solution. Keep the tank clear and continuous degreasing capacity.
另一方面，适合除油的表面活性剂一般为非离子类型的产品，非离子产品普遍价位较高，为了降低除油剂成本，阴离子的产品也会出现在除油剂的配方中，特别是同时具有非离子性质的阴离子型表面活性剂脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物磺酸盐（FMES），具有优异的“分散卷离”特点，有助于油脂的非乳化式剥离去除。
On the other hand, surfactants suitable for deoiling are generally non-ionic products, and non-ionic products are generally of high price. In order to reduce the cost of deoiling agents, anionic products will also appear in deoiling agent formulations, especially the ethoxylation of fatty acid methyl ester, an anionic surfactant with non-ionic properties. Matter sulfonate (FMES) has excellent characteristics of "dispersion and roll-off", which is helpful for non-emulsifying peeling and removal of grease.