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除油剂的组成
根据油脂的种类和性质，除油剂包含两种主体成分，表面活性剂和碱类助洗剂。
According to the types and properties of oils and fats, degreasers contain two main components, surfactants and alkali detergents.
①碱类物质：
Alkaloids:
碱类助洗剂常用的为氢氧化钠、五水偏硅酸钠和纯碱，碱性依次减弱。氢氧化钠做为碱剂，价格最为便宜，废水较难处理，有时因为碱性偏强导致清洗物体收到损伤；偏硅酸钠是碱性仅次于氢氧化钠的物质，PH值缓冲于12.5左右，并具有一定的净洗性能，广泛的用于各种除油清洗剂中。纯碱的碱性较弱，一般用于对碱敏感的除油工艺。
Alkaline detergent is commonly used as sodium hydroxide, sodium metasilicate five and soda ash. Sodium hydroxide is the cheapest alkaline agent, and wastewater is difficult to treat. Sometimes the cleaning objects are damaged because of the strong alkalinity. Sodium metasilicate is the second alkaline substance after sodium hydroxide, and its pH value is about 12.5. It has a certain cleaning performance, and is widely used in various degreasing cleaners. The alkalinity of soda ash is weak. It is generally used for alkali sensitive deoiling process.
②表面活性剂：
Surface active agent:
表面活性剂是除油剂的最核心成分，早期的除油剂是以乳化剂的乳化作用为主，但是随着表面活性剂价格的上升以及环保的要求，越来越要求降低表面活性剂的使用量，实现工作液的小浴比以及提高除油的速率，单靠乳化性能已经无法满足上述条件，对除油剂的分散性能和抗二次沉积性能亦有较高的要求。
Surfactant is the core component of deoiling agent. The early deoiling agent is mainly emulsified by emulsifier. However, with the rise of the price of surfactant and the requirement of environmental protection, it is more and more necessary to reduce the use of surfactant, realize the small bath ratio of working fluid and increase the deoiling rate by emulsifying performance alone. It can not satisfy the above conditions, and has higher requirements for the dispersibility and secondary deposition resistance of deoiling agent.
适合除油的表面活性剂一般为非离子类型的产品，如脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚（AEO）系列，烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚（TX、NP）系列等。非离子产品普遍价位较高，为了降低除油剂成本，阴离子的产品也会出现在除油剂的配方中，特别是同时具有非离子性质的阴离子型表面活性剂，如脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物磺酸钠（FMES）在阴离子产品中具有较高的除油性能。
Surfactants suitable for deoiling are generally non-ionic products, such as fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO) series, alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether (TX, NP) series, etc. In order to reduce the cost of deoiling agents, anionic products will also appear in the formulation of deoiling agents, especially anionic surfactants with non-ionic properties, such as fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylate sulfonate (FMES), have higher deoiling performance in anionic products.
According to the types and properties of oils and fats, degreasers contain two main components, surfactants and alkali detergents.
①碱类物质：
Alkaloids:
碱类助洗剂常用的为氢氧化钠、五水偏硅酸钠和纯碱，碱性依次减弱。氢氧化钠做为碱剂，价格最为便宜，废水较难处理，有时因为碱性偏强导致清洗物体收到损伤；偏硅酸钠是碱性仅次于氢氧化钠的物质，PH值缓冲于12.5左右，并具有一定的净洗性能，广泛的用于各种除油清洗剂中。纯碱的碱性较弱，一般用于对碱敏感的除油工艺。
Alkaline detergent is commonly used as sodium hydroxide, sodium metasilicate five and soda ash. Sodium hydroxide is the cheapest alkaline agent, and wastewater is difficult to treat. Sometimes the cleaning objects are damaged because of the strong alkalinity. Sodium metasilicate is the second alkaline substance after sodium hydroxide, and its pH value is about 12.5. It has a certain cleaning performance, and is widely used in various degreasing cleaners. The alkalinity of soda ash is weak. It is generally used for alkali sensitive deoiling process.
②表面活性剂：
Surface active agent:
表面活性剂是除油剂的最核心成分，早期的除油剂是以乳化剂的乳化作用为主，但是随着表面活性剂价格的上升以及环保的要求，越来越要求降低表面活性剂的使用量，实现工作液的小浴比以及提高除油的速率，单靠乳化性能已经无法满足上述条件，对除油剂的分散性能和抗二次沉积性能亦有较高的要求。
Surfactant is the core component of deoiling agent. The early deoiling agent is mainly emulsified by emulsifier. However, with the rise of the price of surfactant and the requirement of environmental protection, it is more and more necessary to reduce the use of surfactant, realize the small bath ratio of working fluid and increase the deoiling rate by emulsifying performance alone. It can not satisfy the above conditions, and has higher requirements for the dispersibility and secondary deposition resistance of deoiling agent.
适合除油的表面活性剂一般为非离子类型的产品，如脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚（AEO）系列，烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚（TX、NP）系列等。非离子产品普遍价位较高，为了降低除油剂成本，阴离子的产品也会出现在除油剂的配方中，特别是同时具有非离子性质的阴离子型表面活性剂，如脂肪酸甲酯乙氧基化物磺酸钠（FMES）在阴离子产品中具有较高的除油性能。
Surfactants suitable for deoiling are generally non-ionic products, such as fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO) series, alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether (TX, NP) series, etc. In order to reduce the cost of deoiling agents, anionic products will also appear in the formulation of deoiling agents, especially anionic surfactants with non-ionic properties, such as fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylate sulfonate (FMES), have higher deoiling performance in anionic products.
