常用的金属清洗剂分溶剂型、半溶剂型和水基型。溶剂型金属清洗剂中，石油溶剂易燃、易爆而且浪费资源。氯氟烃是最常用的溶剂型金属清洗剂，但由于其对大气臭氧层的破坏而被禁用。因而，溶剂型金属清洗剂正逐步被半溶剂型和水基型金属清洗剂所替代。相对于半溶剂型，水基型金属清洗剂的应用优势更为突出。但水基型金属清洗剂在工业高压清洗中也普遍存在以下不足：1)泡沫较多，不利于清洗；2)大多都含有亚硝酸盐、磷酸盐、硅酸盐等对人体及环境有危害的成分；3)油污被清洗后进人洗液被乳化分散，不易于分离，造成资源浪费。

The common metal cleaning agents are solvent type, semi solvent type and water base type. In solvent type metal cleaning agent, petroleum solvent is flammable, explosive and waste of resources. CFCs are most commonly used solvent based metal cleaning agent, but due to the destruction of the ozone layer and is disabled. Therefore, solvent based metal cleaning agents are gradually replaced by semi solvent and water-based metal cleaners. Compared with the semi solvent type, the water-based metal cleaning agent has more prominent advantages. But the water-based metal cleaning agent in industrial high-pressure cleaning are also generally have the following problems: 1) too much foam, is not conducive to cleaning; 2) mostly contain nitrite, phosphate, silicate and other harmful to human body and environment elements; 3) oil washed after lotion was emulsifying and dispersing, not easy to cause separation. Waste of resources.